Phalguna फाल्गुन

Each lunar month takes its name from the nakshatra the full moon falls in or near — here, Purva Phalguni. The naming is approximate and drifts slowly with precession, but it is the origin of all twelve names, and it is why the months line up with star groups rather than with the Gregorian calendar.

Phalguna falls in Shishira (Winter), which spans roughly mid-January to mid-March. The cold season. Maha Shivaratri and Holi close the year here.

The Gregorian span above is approximate — a lunar month shifts by about eleven days a year against the solar calendar and is pulled back by the insertion of an adhika month every two to three years. If an adhika Phalguna occurs, there are two of them that year, and the second (nija) one carries the festivals. Our daily panchang computes the current month from the actual position of the Sun at the enclosing new moon, so it is right regardless.